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怎么写好essay格式的文章?

发布于2019-10-25 微信essayok 阅读:

  怎么写好essay格式的文章?英国教授来教您。

  写essay前,规划的重要性

  大纲的重要性

  写得清楚

  明晰风格

  精心构建的段落和句子

  各种各样的事情值得注意

  撇号

  提出问题的写作

  校对的重要性

  规划与组织

  思考和计划如何沟通

  意识流不起作用

  把它写下来,备份

  -工作顺序和写作顺序是不同的

  花时间去构造一个提纲

  -连贯、有组织论证的关键

  essay写作概要

  引言——essay写作的过程

  阅读它

  考虑一下

  写下来

  校对

  阅读有关主题

  建设自己的目录学

  其他参考书目

  需要判断来源

  只阅读与问题/主题相关的内容

  请记住问题。

  记笔记,阅读时收集报价

  在这个时候得到完整的引用

  需要系统化

  思考话题和问题

  剖析这个问题。

  究竟什么是真正被问到的?

  确定要讨论的关键问题

  制定对问题的(AN)答案

  计划论点

  安排关键问题的讨论以进行逻辑论证

  写它

  轮廓

  其他工作的蓝图

  介绍-告诉他们你要告诉他们什么

  身体-告诉他们

  结论-告诉他们你告诉了他们什么

  起草论证机构

  排列成争论的关键问题

  写出结论

  写作介绍

  “介绍”这篇essay,不要只是说说而已。

  阅读它

  不要跳过这一步

  这是有道理的。

  没有拼写错误/语法错误。

  “拼写检查”不够

  结论

  写essay的关键步骤

  阅读、思考、写作和校对

  清晰书写要点

  寻找建议

  清晰第一

  风格第二

  清洁展示,不凌乱

  页页数(运行页眉/页脚)

  样本段落:

  在学术写作中,你要写出完整的语法句子。这意味着每个句子都应该包含一个完整的思想,并且本身应该有意义。用这个解释作为指导,你可以看到“每个人都享受假期”是一个完整的想法,因此是一个句子,而“享受假期”不是,因为它是一个不完整的陈述。这样一个不完整的语句被称为句子片段,因为它只是思想的一部分。句子碎片不应该出现在学术写作中。

  连续句:

  超长句子,超长句子延伸整个段落甚至整页的句子,因为学生有这样一种印象,即这种冗长的陈述将被视为聪明的标志,而相反的是这样的句子非常难读,尤其是当它们连在一起时在这个例子中没有标点符号,这绝不是本科论文中常见的那种结构的夸张的传真。

  当心

  过度使用半结肠

  修辞问题

  第一人称写作

  不是不对的,但是…

  缺少、不完整、不正确的引用

  撇号

  两个合法用途

  形所有格(非复数)

  形收缩

  占有欲?复数?

  “公司年度报告”

  “许多公司的做法”

  “许多公司的代表”

  只有两种用途

  单数词的所有格(公司)

  单词“是”的缩写

  因此

  20世纪60年代并不是1960

  许多跨国公司没有多少跨国公司

  绝不形成简单复数

  宫缩混乱

  收缩

  哦,你要迟到了

  把你的文件给我。

  或

  哦,他们跑得太晚了

  他们的车抛锚了。

  尤其是它和它的

  它的收缩是

  哦,天要下雨了。

  IT=所有格代词

  哦,公司失去了总裁。

  提出问题的写作

  被动语态

  那只狗走得更早。

  不清楚代词的先行词

  孩子们很少听大人说话。他们讨厌这样。

  校对--决不可随意选择

  使用拼写检查,但不要依赖它

  让它坐几天

  仔细校对

  作为读者而不是作者的校对

  The importance of planning

  o The importance of an outline

    On writing clearly

  o Clarity over style

  o Well-constructed paragraphs and sentences

  o Various things to watch out for

  § The apostrophe

  § Writing that raises a question

  o Importance of proofreading

  Planning and organizing

  • Think and plan how to communicate

  – Stream-of-consciousness doesn’t work

  • Write it down, back it up

  – Work order & writing order are different

  • Take time to construct an outline

  – Key to coherent, organized argument

  Outline of how to write an essay

  Introduction - the process of essay writing

  • Read about it

  • Think about it

  • Write about it

  • Proofread it

  Read about topic

  • Constructing your own bibliography

  § from other bibliographies

  § need to judge sources

  • Read only what’s relevant to question/topic

  § keep question in mind.

  • Take notes, collect quotations as you read

  § get full citations at this time

  § need to be systematic

  Think about topic and question

  o Dissect the question.

  § What’s really being asked?

  Determine key issues to be discussed

  Formulate the (an) answer to the question

  o Plan the argument

  § Arrange discussion of key issues to make logical argument

  · Write it

  o Outline

  § blueprint for the rest of your work

  Intro - tell ‘em what you’re gonna tell ‘em

  Body - tell ‘em

  Conclusion - tell ‘em what you told ‘em

  o Draft the body of argument

  § key issues arranged into argument

  o Write conclusion

  o Write introduction

  § ‘introduce’ this essay, don’t just talk

  Read it

  o Don’t skip this step

  o It should make sense.

  o It should be free of typos/grammatical errors.

  § ‘Spellcheck’ is not enough

  Conclusion

  o Key steps in writing an essay

  § Reading, thinking, writing & proofreading

  Points for clear writing

  Look for advice

  Clarity comes first

  o Style comes second

  o Clean presentation, not cluttered

  o Page numbers (running header/footer

  Sample paragraph:

  In academic writing you are expected to write grammatically complete sentences. This means that each sentence should consist of a complete thought, and should make sense by itself. Using this explanation as a guide you can see that "Everyone enjoys a holiday." is a complete thought, and therefore a sentence, whereas "enjoying a holiday" is not, because it is an incomplete statement. Such an incomplete statement is called a sentence fragment because it is only a part of a thought. Sentence fragments should never appear in academic writing.

  Run-on sentence:

  The over-long sentence which extends for a whole paragraph or even a whole page because students are under the impression that such an elongated statement will be taken as a sign of cleverness whereas the reverse is true namely that such sentences are very difficult to read especially if they contain no punctuation as is the case in this particular example which is by no means an exaggerated facsimile of the sort of construction commonly encountered in undergraduate essays.

  Watch out for

  Overuse of semi-colons

  Rhetorical questions

     Writing in the first person

  o Not incorrect, but...

  Missing, incomplete, incorrect citations

  The apostrophe

  Two legitimate uses

  o Form possessives (not plurals)

  o Form contractions

  Possessive? Plural?

  o “The company’s annual report”

  o “Many companies’ practices”

  § “representatives of many companies”

  ‘s

  Only two uses

  o Possessive of singular words (company’s)

  o Contraction of the word ‘is’

  o THEREFORE

  § 1960s not 1960’s

  § Many MNCs not many MNC’s

  NEVER forms simple plural

  Confusion with contractions

  Contractions

  o ‘You’re going to be late’

  o ‘Give me your papers.’

  Or

  o ‘They’re running late’

  o ‘Their car broke down.’

  Especially its and it’s

  It’s = contraction of it is

  o ‘It’s going to rain.’

  Its = possessive pronoun

  o ‘The company lost its president.’

  Writing that raises questions

  Passive voice

  o The dog was walked earlier.

   Unclear antecedents of pronouns

  o Children seldom listen to grown-ups. They hate that.

  Proofreading -- Never optional

  Use spellcheck, but don’t rely on it

  Let it sit a few days

  Proofread carefully

  o proofread as reader not author

  Additional reading:

  o Lynne Truss (2003) Eats, Shoots and Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation, London: Profile


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